Two emitting 1.5-mm planar LECs on the same substrate. The polymers are coated on top of the pre-prefabricated electrodes. (Jan 03)

A 1.5-mm MEH-PPV planar LEC under bias. The electrodes are coated on top of the polymer film. The photo is taken through the glove box window. (Apr 03)

The same device showing the orange emission from MEH-PPV has turned into blue. This is likely caused by the breakdown of the luminescent polymer under high field. (Apr 03)

A 6-mm planar LEC containing 52 floating aluminum stripes between the outer electrodes (Sep 04)

The emission is nearly uniform to a naked eye due to the simultaneous formation of multiple light-emitting p-n junctions in series. (Sep 04)

A blow-up of the device image reveals individual light-emitting p-n junctions. (Sep 04)

A 2-mm green-emitting planar LEC under ambient light without bias. The polymer film is only appr. 100 nm thick and contains micrometer-sized conductive ITO particles. (Nov 04)

The same device when it is fully turned on. Thousands of tiny light-emitting p-n junctions have been formed. (Nov 04)

A blue-emitting planar LEC containing conductive ITO particles. (Sep 05)

A 11-mm MEH-PPV planar LEC under UV illumination without bias.(May 05)

Under voltage bias and UV illumination, significant PL quenching can be seen as a result of electrochemical p- and n-doping.

Discreet light-emitting p-n junctions are formed by the propagation of p- and n-doping.

A continuous light-emitting p-n junction is finally formed.

A sandwich LED (March 06)